2024-12-20 14:12:24 | 来源: 互联网整理
英国的培根在《论读书》中写道:“书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。”
在单词记忆上也是如此,不同的单词难易程度有别,若不加分类,全都以“咀嚼消化”的方式来耗费很大精力应对,必然浪费时间。故进阶的学法是分轮记忆法:第一轮,将“浅尝”即可学会的单词记住,剩下的单词放在第二轮“吞食”,如是以此类推只到最后难记的单词再“咀嚼消化”。
简而言之,这便是一个先将“薄书读厚”,再将“厚书读薄”的过程!识记单词时先要将其含义用法等不懂的地方搞清楚,“薄书读厚”;之后再按照分遍记忆法一遍遍复习的过程中将“厚书读薄”!记忆规律认为一般经过七遍复习,难记的东西就可以突破了;在实际生活中,学习水平不是很差者一般需要五遍记忆;而智力中上之人则四遍记忆即可!
当然,“厚书读薄”之后,记住的单词仍难免会有所遗忘,这时可以再倒过来复习,再来一下“由薄到厚”的方法将分遍识记筛选后的内容到过来学习。以《新概念英语》为例,由于相对来说,第一轮复习不识的单词过多,第五轮复习时不识的单词过少,所以我们“去掉一个最高分,去掉一个最低分”,将中间四遍识记不易记住的单词作为核心词汇,以供复习,并按照单词数量由少到多的顺序从第四遍至第二遍倒过来排列,以飨读者!
第四遍9.prolonged持久的;10.crucial至关重要的;13.boring钻孔;tackle应付,用具;strata岩层;14.devil魔鬼;16.physiological生理的;(physical身体/物质的;physician内科医生)descendant后代;edifice大厦;throng群集; 17.exterminate消灭;18.intrigue引起兴趣;19.specifically特别地;psychiatrist精神病学家;punctuate不时介入;disorder失调 ;20.potency效力;cobra眼镜蛇;venom毒液
9.prolonged;10.crucial;13.boring;tackle;strata;14.devil;16.physiological;descendant;edifice;throng; 17.exterminate;18.intrigue;19.specifically;psychiatrist;punctuate;disorder;20.potency;cobra;venom;
第三遍5.identity身份,特征;suburban见识不广的;6.orgy放荡,无节制;utmost最大可能;arise出现;fury狂怒;7.obstruction障碍物;8.approve批准;dialysis透析;9.ballad民歌;conjuring魔术;prolonged持久的;commissariat军需; assail袭击;skirmish小规模战斗;10.apart除.....外;rival对手;crucial至关重要的;11.break间歇;12.complication纠纷;13.boring钻孔;tackle应付,用具;strata岩层;endeavour努力,尝试;14.turbulent狂暴的;devil魔鬼;meteorologist气象学家;deviation偏差;15.extent程度;16.physiological生理的;descendant后代;edifice大厦;fume烟气;throng群集; 17.devastation破坏;exterminate消灭;pestilence瘟疫;18.mariner水手;intrigue引起兴趣;swoop俯冲; 19.specifically特别地;psychiatrist精神病学家;punctuate不时介入;disorder失调 ;implication;20.lizard蜥蜴;potency效力;cobra眼镜蛇;venom毒液;viperine毒蛇的;
5.identity;suburban;6.orgy;utmost;arise;fury;7.obstruction;8.approve;dialysis;9.ballad;conjuring;prolonged;commissariat; assail;skirmish;10.apart;rival;crucial;11.break;12.complication;13.boring;tackle;strata;endeavour;14.turbulent;devil;meteorologist;deviation;15.extent;16.argument;physiological;descendant;edifice;fume;throng; 17.devastation;exterminate;pestilence;18.mariner;intrigue;swoop; 19.specifically;psychiatrist;punctuate;disorder;implication;20.lizard;potency;cobra;venom;viperine;
第二遍.简.1.Recount讲述;migration迁移;Anthropologist人类学家;2. pitch球场;3.perilous危险的; shudder发抖;solitary唯一的;priest牧师;parishioner教区居民;4.detect 辨认;concern涉及;institution机构,制度,风俗习惯;5.commitment信奉;cosmic 宇宙的;presumptuous放肆/自以为是的;fatuous愚蠢的;6.goodwill友好的;7.utilitarian实用的;vicinity附近;herring鲱鱼;cod鳕鱼;emit发出;squeak尖叫声;obstacle障碍物;8.electrocute 使触电身亡;Hard-pressed处于困境的;device器械;9.acrobatic杂技的;trick戏法;thither到/向哪里;precaution预防;proceed收益;raid掠夺;horde一大群人;harry骚扰 ;halt; assail袭击;skirmish小规模战斗;episode片断;epic史诗10.much the way就像;newsletter时事通讯;penalize惩罚;customize订/改制;start-up启动;engineer工程师; 11.oppress 压抑;justification正当理由;impersonal冷淡/超出个人情感的;ego自我;decay衰退;vitality精力;weariness疲惫 content满足;12.repayment报答,偿还;owe欠(债)等complication纠纷;instruction吩咐;13.gusher喷油井;14.speculative推测的;thunderstorm大雷雨;blizzard暴风雪;cascade瀑布似地落下;squall狂风;eddy漩涡; interval 间隔;infinitely无限地;error错误;15.effectiveness效力,成效;16.argument争辩,论点/据;mental精神;dimension直径,规模;tenant租客;construction 建筑;monstrous畸形的;toxic有毒的;17.promiscuous杂乱的;overran泛滥;epidemic流行病;drastically激烈/彻底地;manageable可操纵的;18.ensue接着发生;aquaplane驾浪滑水板;butt碰撞;belly腹部;equilibrium平衡;19.speculation推测;tissue组织;implication含意,暗示;20.vertebrate脊椎动物;concoct调制;arsenic;mambas树眼镜蛇;haemolytic溶血性的;
1.Recount;migration;Anthropologist;2. pitch;3.perilous; shudder;solitary;priest;parishioner;4.detect;concern;institution;5.commitment;cosmic;presumptuous;fatuous;6.goodwill;7.utilitarian;vicinity;herring;cod;emit;squeak;obstacle;8.electrocute;Hard-pressed;device;9.acrobatic;trick;thither;precaution;proceed;raid;horde;harry ;halt; assail;skirmish;episode;epic;10.much the way;newsletter;penalize;customize;start-up;engineer;11.oppress;justification;impersonal;ego;decay;vitality;weariness; content;12.repayment;owe;complication;instruction;13.gusher;14.speculative;thunderstorm;blizzard;cascade;squall;eddy; interval;infinitely;error;15.effectiveness;16.argument;mental;dimension;tenant;construction;monstrous;toxic;17.promiscuous;overran;epidemic;drastically;manageable;18.ensue;aquaplane;butt;belly;equilibrium;19.speculation;tissue;implication;20.vertebrate;concoct;arsenic;mambas;haemolytic;
用英语自身来理解和学习英语是最好的方式,《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列,这一系列的文章力求帮助大家在英语阅读能力上有所提升,并树立英语思维;* 推荐的阅读的方法是:先原文,适当看解析阅读,还有疑惑再看双语对照。* 解析中英语单词的音标使用Dictcom和IPA双音标标注,如果需要了解Dictcom音标,请参看我们的《dictionary.com所用的音标体系》一文。* 本篇文章难度系数8.5,由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析系统提供评分。
【编者按】今天涉及的是我们不常遇见的化学方面的英语词汇与说法,但又很贴近生活,非常有价值,希望大家能够有所收获。
Why isn't table salt dangerous?【译】为什么食盐不危险?【单词】salt [sawlt][sɔːlt] n. 盐;盐类【单词】dangerous ['deyn-jer-uhs]['deɪndʒərəs] adj. 危险的;不安全的
【编者按】table salt一般指的是桌面上放的食盐,可以随时加进菜肴中调味,这里泛指食盐。
As far as I understand, salt is NaCl, Sodium Chloride.【译】据我所知,盐是氯化钠,钠(Sodium)与氯化物(Chloride)。【专有名词】NaCl 氯化钠,是一种无机离子化合物,NaCl是它的化学式。氯化钠是无色立方结晶或细小结晶粉末,味咸,是食盐的主要成分。【专有名词】Sodium ['soh-dee-uhm]['səʊdiəm] n. 钠,化学符号为 Na【专有名词】Chloride ['klawr-ahyd]['klɔːraɪd] n. 氯化物
Sodium explodes in water.【译】钠在水中会发生爆炸。【单词】explodes 原型:explode [ik-'splohd][ɪk'spləʊd] vi. 爆炸;激增;爆发 vt. 使爆炸
Chlorides corrode metals.【译】而氯化物会腐蚀金属。【单词】Chlorides 原型:chloride ['klawr-ahyd, -id, 'klohr-]['klɔːraɪd] n. 氯化物【单词】corrode [kuh-'rohd][kə'rəʊd] v. 腐蚀;侵蚀;损害【单词】metals 原型:metal ['met-l]['metl] n. 金属;合金
Why is salt not dangerous to eat?【译】那为什么食盐吃起来却不危险?【单词】eat [eet][iːt] v. 吃;吃饭;喝
And how are so many materials completely different when mixed with another element?【译】并且,为什么这么多的物质元素与另一种元素混合后变得完全不同呢?【单词】mixed 原型:mix [miks][mɪks] v. 混合;掺入;合成;联系;融合;介入【单词】element ['el-uh-muhnt]['elɪmənt] n. 要素;元素
You can think of chemicals in terms of energy levels.【译】你可以从能量水平来考虑化学物质。【短语】in terms of ... 依据...;按照...;在…方面;例句:In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness. 就钱来说他很富有,但就幸福来说就不然了。【单词】chemicals 原型:chemical ['kem-i-kuh l]['kemɪkl] n. 药品;化学物
Some chemicals have very high energy levels.【译】有些化学物质的能量很高。
It's really easy for them to turn into other chemicals and dump that energy out.【译】它们很容易转化成其他化学物质,然后把这些能量排放出去。【短语】turn into ... 变成,进入,转到...;例句:They turn into this street. 他们转入这条街上。【单词】dump [duhmp][dʌmp] vt. 倾倒;抛弃;倾销;倾卸
Some chemicals have low energy levels.【译】有些化学物质的能量很低。
If you want to change them into other chemicals you need to add a bunch of energy.【译】如果你想把它们变成其他的化学物质,你需要增加一大堆能量。【单词】bunch [buhnch][bʌntʃ] n. 串;束;一群;捆
Sodium and chlorides have tons of energy.【译】钠和氯化物都蕴含很多的能量。【单词】tons 原型:ton [tuhn][tʌn] n. 吨;<口>大量
They have so much energy that if you put them near the right other chemicals they'll just release the energy and turn into other stuff.【译】它们具有如此多的能量,如果你把它们放在合适的其他化学物质附近,它们就会释放出能量,并变成其他物质。【单词】release [ri-'lees][rɪ'liːs] n. 释放【单词】stuff [stuhf][stʌf] n. 东西;原料;材料 n. 素质;本质
Sodium Chloride, on the other hand, has very little energy.【译】而另一边,氯化钠几乎没有什么能量。【短语】on the other hand 另一方面;例句:On one hand I have to work; on the other hand I have many visitors to see. 一方面我必须工作; 另一方面我有许多来宾要照看。
If you want to separate it into Sodium and Chloride you need to add a whole bunch of energy to it.【译】如果你想把它分解成钠和氯,你需要给它加上一大堆能量。【单词】separate ['sep-uh-reyt]['sepərət] v. 分开;隔开;脱离
So if you just eat salt, not much happens.【译】所以,如果你只吃食盐,不会发生什么事。【单词】happens 原型:happen ['hap-uhn]['hæpən] vi. 发生;碰巧;出现;偶遇
But if you eat sodium you'll get a literal explosion of flavor (and possibly death).【译】但如果你吃了钠,你恐怕是吃了一个会爆炸的调味品(甚至很可能会因此致死)。【单词】literal ['lit-er-uhl]['lɪtərəl] adj. 逐字的;字面上的;文字的;这里是指“绝对是……”,“相当于是……”【单词】explosion [ik-'sploh-zhuhn][ɪk'spləʊʒn] n. 爆炸;爆炸声;激增;爆发【单词】flavor ['fley-ver]['fleɪvə] n. 风味;特殊的滋味;风格;调味品 vt. 加调料于...;给...添加情趣【单词】possibly ['pos-uh-blee]['pɒsəbli] adv. 可能地;也许
Carbon is this harsh black substance, right?【译】碳就是一种粗糙黑色的物质,对吧?【单词】Carbon 原型:carbon ['kahr-buhn]['kɑːbən] n. 碳【单词】harsh [hahrsh][hɑːʃ] adj. 粗糙的;严厉的【单词】substance ['suhb-stuhns]['sʌbstəns] n. 实质;物质
Oxygen is a gas and so is hydrogen.【译】氧是气体,氢也是。【单词】Oxygen 原型:oxygen ['ok-si-juhn]['ɒksɪdʒən] n. 氧;氧气【单词】gas [gas][ɡæs] n. 气体【单词】hydrogen ['hahy-druh-juhn]['haɪdrədʒən] n. 氢
Yet sugar is made of all three of those elements!【译】然而糖是由这三种元素组成的!【单词】sugar ['shoo g-er]['ʃʊɡə] n. 糖,食糖
【编者按】糖是一种比较稳定的物质,这里想说明的是,糖其实是由三种不稳定的物质结合而成的。注意,这里所说的“结合”,并不是简单的物理上的混合,而是进行了化学反应,同时也产生了能量的释放或吸收。
【编者按】如果想看更深入一点的,请继续,鼓励!
At root is the concept of chemistry, chemical bonds that drastically change how those substances behave.【译】这从本质上说是化学的概念,(从这些物质化学反应而来的)化合物会彻底改变这些物质的行为。【单词】root [root, roo t][ruːt] n. 根;根源;根本【单词】concept ['kon-sept]['kɒnsept] n. 观念;概念;想法【单词】chemistry ['kem-uh-stree]['kemɪstri] n. 化学【单词】chemical ['kem-i-kuh l]['kemɪkl] adj. 化学的 n. 药品;化学物【单词】bonds 原型:bond [bond][bɒnd] n. 结合;联系;黏合剂
【词组】chemical bonds 化合物【单词】drastically ['dras-tik]['drɑːstɪkli] adv. 大幅度地;彻底地【单词】substances 原型:substance ['suhb-stuhns]['sʌbstəns] n. 实质;物质;财产;内容;重要性【单词】behave [bih-'heyv][bɪ'heɪv] v. 表现;行为;举止
They're not just mixed together, they're bonded (ionically).【译】它们不只是混合在一起,而是通过离子键结合的。
【单词】ionically 副词,指化学中通过离子键结合
The chemistry/behavior of a compound can completely change when you add or remove an electron.【译】当你添加或移除一个电子时,化合物的化学性质/行为会完全改变。【单词】compound ['kom-pound]['kɒmpaʊnd] n. 化合物;复合词;复合物【单词】completely [kuhm-'pleet][kəm'pliːtli] adv. 完全地;十分地;全然【单词】remove [ri-'moov][rɪ'muːv] v. 消除;脱掉【单词】electron [ih-'lek-tron][ɪ'lektrɒn] n. 电子
In table salt, sodium has given chlorine an electron, so sodium is missing one (so positive charge) and chlorine has an extra one (so negative charge).【译】在食盐中,钠给了氯一个电子,所以钠少了一个(所以带正电荷),氯有一个额外的电子(所以是负电荷)。【单词】positive ['poz-i-tiv]['pɒzətɪv] adj.正数的;阳性的【单词】extra ['ek-struh]['ekstrə] adj. 额外的 n. 额外之物【单词】negative ['neg-uh-tiv]['neɡətɪv] adj. 负面的;负的;阴性的
Opposite charges attract which is why the positive sodium and negative chlorine attract to form a solid.【译】相反的电荷吸引,这就是为什么正钠和负氯吸引形成固体。【单词】Opposite 原型:opposite ['op-uh-zit, -sit]['ɒpəzɪt] adj. 相反的;对面的;对立的【单词】attract [uh-'trakt][ə'trækt] v. 吸引;引来【单词】solid ['sol-id]['sɒlɪd] n. 固体
But the key is that since they have different numbers of electrons now, they behave differently.【译】但关键是,由于它们现在有了不同数量的电子,它们的行为因此也变得不同。【单词】differently ['dif-er-uhnt-lee, 'dif-ruhnt‐]['dɪfrəntli] adv. 不同地
Table salt is a stable compound exactly because the elements are so reactive.【译】食盐是一种稳定的化合物,正是因为这些元素非常活泼。【单词】stable ['stey-buhl]['steɪbl] adj. 稳定的;安定的;可靠的【单词】exactly [ig-'zakt-lee][ɪɡ'zæktli] adv. 精确地;确切地;完全地;严密地;正是【单词】reactive [ree-'ak-tiv][ri'æktɪv] adj. 反应的;反作用的;活性的
This means that when Na reacts with Cl to create salt, there is energy release in the reaction.【译】这意味着当Na与Cl反应生成盐时,反应中有能量释放。【单词】reacts 原型:react [ree-'akt][ri'ækt] v. 反应【单词】create [kree-'eyt][kri'eɪt] v. 创造;造成【单词】reaction [ree-'ak-shuh n][ri'ækʃn] n. 反应;生理反应;化学反应
Which means that energy is required to unbind them later, making the substance stable.【译】这意味着需要能量来解除它们的束缚,使物质稳定。【单词】required 原型:require [ri-'kwahyuhr][rɪ'kwaɪə] v. 要求;需要;命令;规定【单词】unbind [uhn-'bahynd]['ʌn'baɪnd] v. 解开;释放
Same is true about water (which is very stable and comes from potentially explosive oxidation of hydrogen) and nitrogen (elemental nitrogen is actually 2 atoms bound together very strongly.【译】水(非常稳定,来自氢的潜在爆炸性氧化)和氮(元素氮实际上是两个原子紧密结合在一起)也是如此。【单词】potentially [puh-'ten-shuh-lee][pə'tenʃəli] adv. 潜在地【单词】explosive [ik-'sploh-siv][ɪk'spləʊsɪv] adj. 爆炸(性)的【单词】oxidation [ok-si-'dey-shuhn][ˌɒksɪ'deɪʃn] n. 氧化(反应)【单词】nitrogen ['nahy-truh-juhn]['naɪtrədʒən] n. 氮【单词】elemental [el-uh-'men-tl][ˌelɪ'mentl] adj. 元素的;自然力的;基本的【单词】atoms 原型:atom ['at-uhm]['ætəm] n. 原子;微粒【单词】bound 原型:bind [bahynd][baɪnd] v. 捆绑;约束
Many explosive materials are nitrogen compounds with single N atoms which combine together during the explosion and release energy).【译】许多爆炸材料是由单个N原子组成的氮化合物,它们在爆炸过程中结合在一起并释放能量)。【单词】combine [verb kuhm-'bahyn; noun 'kom-bahyn][kəm'baɪn] v. 联合;使结合;结合
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